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Why are some city streets so much hotter?
Hard surfaces, little shade, tight buildings and little wind make some streets several degrees hotter. Here are the numbers, who is most exposed, and what you can check on your own street.
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What can I do with household waste before I throw it away?
Use the waste order of avoid, reuse, recycle or compost, then dispose. A step-by-step guide with food-waste facts, worked examples and a one-week log.
Ideas & perspectives
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is what happens today. Climate is the 30-year pattern. Learn the difference, see what the long record shows, and use four questions to read any claim.
Ideas & perspectives
How do you tell good climate information from bad?
A six-question check for any climate claim, with what the IPCC's wording means, what scientific consensus is, and what trustworthy fact-checkers promise.
Research library
Open the Research libraryPlain-language guides and report summaries. Every number links to the original report and page.
Topic guides
Topic guide · Heat · Pakistan
Heatwaves in Pakistan: what the evidence says
Are heatwaves in Pakistan getting worse? Six trusted sources in one place.
Read the guideReport summaries
Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination, Pakistan · 2023
Pakistan National Adaptation Plan 2023: the key points
How Pakistan plans to adapt to heat, floods and water stress.
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Government of Pakistan · 2025
Pakistan NDC 3.0 (2025): the 2035 targets explained
Up to 50% by 2035, but two thirds depends on international finance.
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World Bank Group · 2022
World Bank Pakistan CCDR: what climate change costs Pakistan
Heat, floods and air pollution as costs to the economy.
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World Meteorological Organization · 2026
WMO State of the Climate in Asia 2025: what it means for Pakistan
Asia warming faster, glaciers shrinking, and Pakistan’s 2025 monsoon floods.
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) · 2022
IPCC AR6 Chapter 10: what it says about South Asia
Heat, monsoon, Indus water, glaciers, food and health, with confidence levels.
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Radio Pakistan announcement coverage · 2026
Pakistan Clean Air Fund announcement
What was announced, what we could confirm, and which details are still unclear.
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Government of Pakistan, with support from the Asian Development Bank, European Union, United Nations agencies and World Bank · 2022
Pakistan Floods 2022 Post-Disaster Needs Assessment: what did the floods cost?
Damage, economic losses and recovery needs are separate estimates.
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World Meteorological Organization · 2025
WMO State of the Global Climate 2025: what does the latest report show?
The atmosphere and ocean continue to warm, while global sea-level rise accelerates.
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United Nations Environment Programme · 2026
UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2026: what is the emissions gap?
National pledges fall short of the global cuts needed to limit temperature overshoot.
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) · 2023
IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023
Human activity has caused warming; faster action can limit future harm.
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